Ever Since The Beginning Of Time, Humans Needed Some Type

Ever since the beginning of time, humans needed some type of system to live life. A system of social control, which involves formal and informal means of enforcing norms: rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in a group or society. One thing that has seemed to be unacceptable and out of the norms in the past and a huge controversial topic was someone’s sexuality. Homosexulity is a very controversial topic, years ago and even today, there are many mixed feelings and different opinions, but one thing that is for sure, is that times have really changed since then, what it’s like to identify as LGBT in America. A news article that was just published this year, introduced a recent study has now shown that in the U.S, more†¦show more content†¦There are three major social theories that help sociologist take a deeper look into society as a whole and understand why things may be the way they are. These theories are known as Theoretical Paradigms and it cons ists of structural functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism is the blueprint for these theories, it envisions society as a complex system whose elements operate together to encourage solidarity and stability. Its main focus is â€Å"focusing on social structures as well as the functions that such structures perform† (Ritzer 29). Robert Meron, a structural functionalist, developed the concepts for this theory especially the central concept, functions. â€Å"These are the observable, positive consequences of a structure that help it survive, adapt, and adjust.† (Ritzer 29). Like all the other theories and studies in the world of sociology, structural functionalism comes with its own strengths and weaknesses. Exceptionally, the functionalist theory is the foundation for everything, it defines that everything has a purpose, job, or function in our society. 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The Lottery Story Free Essays

Would you expect a killing on a nice summer day to replenish field crops to be a part of a town tradition? There is a bleak town in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Lottery is not defined by winning but losing according to one’s optimism. It implies the action and behavior passed through generations that are undoubtingly accepted. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lottery Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now In which an individual is chosen to be sacrificed for that year by being stoned to death. Because of tradition, everyone in the community becomes an accessory to murder. Tradition and sacrifice are words that we hold sacred to our heart. But we soon learn how tradition can monopolize our minds hold a superior command over people and demonstrate how merciless and evil people can be to one another including family. Tradition is not easily broken but it can hold great power over people. This community has embraced this barbaric routine as a tradition yet is reluctant to change. In the town square on June 27th at 10 am this rural town gathers for their annual lottery. This 80yr old tradition shows no sign of abolishment nor a reason for its continuance. Change is the opposition and is openly not welcomed. There is a small dilapidated black box that contains the names of all the families that is used for the lottery that needs replacing. â€Å"It is falling apart and, because the paint is so chipped, is hardly even black anymore† (Jackson 84). This box represents tradition and every year replacement talk arises but â€Å"no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box† (Jackson 84). This shows their loyalty and commitment to keeping the box that its resemblance has faded. It was said that the lottery box â€Å"had been made with some pieces of the box that had preceded it† (Jackson 84). This demonstration of obsessiveness due to sentimental value makes no sense because no reason for sentiment or value has been given other than if its tradition then it must be good. Going against the grain of the community impedes their better judgment and ignoring the signs of deterioration shows there unwillingness to move forward with change. All members of the household must be present for the commencement of the ceremony but this year Mr. Dunbar absence was duly noted in an open forum. â€Å"Mr. Summers consulted his list. â€Å"Clyde Dunbar.† he said â€Å"That’s right. He’s broke his leg, hasn’t he? Who’s drawing for him?† (Jackson 84) Even the incapacitated are obligated to participate there are no passes given or allowed. Tradition request all families participation and there is no room for compassion. Mr. Summers demonstrates his lack of concern by how quickly he proceeds to the next question â€Å"who’s taking his place† (Jackson 84) versus being concerned about his medical status. Mrs. Dunbar accepts the responsibility of her husband for it is their only option. There was no objection to his forwardness or contemplation of removing Mr. Dunbar from the list. The idea of no one questioning or protesting proves that tradition trumps individualism. Old man Warner the towns oldest living resident averts his refusal to change anything. When he hears that there is talk about a neighboring town giving up the lottery, he responds by saying â€Å"Nothing but trouble in that,† Old Man Warner said stoutly. â€Å"Pack of young fools† (Jacksons 84). He symbolizes the old generation and his disgust with the younger generation that are prompting to change his tradition that he has held sacred for 77yrs cant be easily digested. His way of thinking of the lottery maybe superstitious. He says, there used to be a saying â€Å"Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon† (Jackson 84). Which means he believes that the sacrifice is necessary for the betterment of the town and if not they might have to revert to old caveman customs â€Å"eating stewed chickweed and acorns† (Jackson 84). The consequence of following an ill-conceived tradition blindly can lead you right off a cliff. Their inability to change due to a tradition demonstrates the superior command it holds over people. Where do loyalties lie with family, friends or neither? The time has come, and all the slips of paper have been chosen from the black box. The lottery winner is Bill Hutchinson. Mrs. Hutchinson quickly protests on her husband behalf that he was rushed in selecting his slip of paper. Bill’s advices his wife is grim and terse: â€Å"Shut up, Tessie,† Bill Hutchinson said (Jackson 84). A second drawing takes places between the five members of the Hutchinson family. What type of society would condone the killing of a child or a toddler? â€Å"I’ve got no other family except the kids. How many kids, Bill?† Mr. Summers asked formally (Jackson 84). Bill gives all the names calmly me Tessie, Bill Jr., Nancy, and little Dave to Mr. Summers. Is a tradition that important that humanity doesn’t exist? Does the community see how brutal their actions are by condoning how it tears a family apart? Once the family’s name is chosen the word family and its sentiments doesn’t exist anymore. The mother Tessie Hutchinson tried to include the name of their married daughter and son-in-law by yelling â€Å"Make them take their chance!† and was shot down â€Å"Daughters draw with their husbands’ families, Tessie,† Mr. Summers said gently. â€Å"You know that as well as anyone else† (Jackson 84). How does a mother openly through her child under the bus? Does the pressure of winning show one’s true colors or are these deep compartmentalize feelings that surface during times of war. â€Å"Be a good sport, Tessie.† Mrs. Delacroix called, and Mrs. Graves said, â€Å"All of us took the same chance† (Jackson84). Be a good sport is encouraged by your friends even if it is your own death. Mrs. Tessie Hutchinson is the winner of the second lottery and is now ready to be vocal about how this isn’t fair. Time has lapsed and â€Å"All right, folks.† Mr. Summers said. â€Å"Let’s finish quickly.† In the beginning, the narrator explains that the whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner (Jackson 84). How soon people turn, it’s like a full moon to a werewolf there is no escaping the inevitable no matter how much you were liked. How merciful was Mrs. Delacroix when she selected a stone so large that required both hands or her husband saying, â€Å"Shut up, Tessie† (Jackson 87) at the moment of her stoning. The cruelty that exists in this town is astonishing. Encouraging children and others to partake in such malice behavior that you would kill your own wife and allow your children to kill their mother. Evil is represented by the town while the people are its minions. How did tradition monopolize Tessie Hutchinson that her participation in the lottery would be her own demise? First, she was late to the lottery because she was so busy cleaning, â€Å"Clean forgot what day it was†¦ and then I looked out the window and the kids were gone, and then I remembered it was the twenty-seventh and came a running† (Jackson 85). Its obvious that’s Tessie’s carless behavior believes that nothing will happen to her as if she is exempt from the lottery. Her perfect attendance record has monopolized her mind to think that she will not be chosen. She is greeted with warm welcomes and jokes as the crowd parted for her to join and stand next to her husband and family. Mr. Summers, who had been waiting, said cheerfully. â€Å"Thought we were going to have to get on without you, Tessie†(Jackson 84). She was loved earlier by many who respected her. This whole town became hypnotized by the lottery that they all lacked common sense that individualized them. Even though they seemed to be respectable in the beginning as soon as the cow bell is rung they immediately revert back to their barbaric customs. Is Tessie a hypocrit for becoming condesending about the rituals she promoted, attended, and participated in many times in the past. Is she oblivious or selfish regarding the meaning of her sacrafice and how it means that crops will grow in adundance for the whole town including her children. Had she not realized that due to her clouded judgement that the food on her dinner table is because of the previous years recipients. Is it weird that last year or any previous year winners are not talked about. Is ther an unspoken rule that the stoned are forgotten. All these things coupled together can monopolize one’s thoughts by trichery if you allow fate to blindfolded you, and decieved you all the way to the endby a stoned death. Jackson has controlled our thoughts with such inappropriate behavior surrounding Tessie that this character is popular all the way till the end. Even though tradition is the main focal point of this story Tessie draws you in with her objectivity after winning the lottery. Would she have opposed if another family was chosen. â€Å"The Lottery† is an extreme example of what can happen when traditions go unquestioned. It starts of innocent and gives a massive eruption at the end with symbolisms of death and how its masqueraded. The black box promotes and emphasizes death. As well as the characters like Mr. Graves whos name signifies burial or to be buried. Old Man Warner is the voice that warns you that changed is not needed or wanted and the killings should continue for the sake of continuing. Tessie Hutchinson is death itself and is only concern when it involes her. Jackson embodies all things that seem to be good and incorporates a meaning that sometimes we have to let go of things in order to make a fresh start. What a sinister way to show explore it but in some culture it is believed. How to cite The Lottery Story, Papers

Activities of Daily Living

Question: This report presents a brief analysis of the interview conducted on Mr. X who is a professor of the G.F. University of Australia. Answer: Introduction: Activities of daily living (ADL) is a term coined in order to refer to the daily self-care activities of individuals in the healthcare sector. As stated by Mehrholz et al. (2012). The healthcare professionals often use an individuals ability or inability to execute ADL as a form of measurement of their functional condition. In this context, a personal interview of G.F. University Professor Mr. X was conducted during a health campaign held on the University campus. Mr. X was forty eight years old and an old employee of this institution. He has almost twenty years of experience as a professor. He was one of the Physics Professors in the science department. The purpose of the interview and the questionnaire was to understand the ADL of the professor and also recognize weather his health conditions requires medical assistance (Pirsiavash and Ramanan 2012). Questionnaire: The interview was conducted using the questionnaire as an effective tool. The set of questions were designed based the general Activities of daily living (ADL) of an individual. The main aim of the questions prepared was to understand the functional activities of the interviewee. The set of questions were designed based on the Resource Utilisation Groups (RUG). There were total six questions and out of these six questions one question was related to the medications intake of the interviewee (DESJARDINS and SAVOYSKI 2014). RUG-ADL ITEM ANSWER SCORE Do you require assistance while readjusting your position in bed or chair? I can independently move from one position to the other in the bed or chair and able to readjust position. Moreover, I can perform my own pressure area relief, through spontaneous movement around the bed." 1 Do you require assistance while eating or drinking? Im able to cut, chew and also swallow food and eat using my hands without anyones assistance. 1 Are you independent while using the toilet? Im able to mobilize to the toilet, clean self and adjust my clothing without the assistance of a person. 1 Do you require assistance while transferring from one place to another? I don't need any personal or device assistance, and I'm able to perform all transfers independently. 1 Do you consume any medicine? If yes what and why? I'm able to consume medicine on my own without any assistance. I take one "Aten 50 every day since I have high blood pressure, and this sometimes causes me to get tempted. 1 How often do you use the chair in the class? I do get tired often on continuous standing upright for a long time and often used the chair to provide relief. 4 The RUG-ADL score of Mr. X sums up to 9 (Klinger et al. 2013). Ethical considerations: The Codes of the ethics for nurses has been designed for the nursing professionals at all levels in Australia. It does not only confine to the people from nursing background but also designed for people receiving nursing care, agencies responsible for the protection of consumers, managers of health care, as well as the general community. It summarizes the different facets of commitment of nursing professionals towards the people under their care, respecting, safeguarding and promoting their fundamental rights. The main motive of the Code of Ethics for Nurses is to : Recognize and characterize the basic values and standards of ethics, which is followed by the nursing professionals and that is standardized by the professional nursing guidelines. To serve as a reference to nurses in order to help them evaluate their conduct. To serve as a guideline to the recipients of healthcare as to what they can expect from the nursing professionals. The Code of Ethics for Nurses states that the nurses should Value for the quality nursing for all individuals. Show appreciation of respect and kindness towards others and oneself. Appreciate the diversity of people. Provide quality healthcare service to all Appreciate and respect for the decisions made by the patients Maintain the safe and hygienic environment Manage and secure patient information Promote wellbeing of the patients and other individuals by maintaining a socially, ecologically and economically sound environment (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). Evaluation of the code of ethics that was followed in Mr. Xs case - Code statement 1 : Nurses should value the accept the standard nursing care procedures and acknowledge the responsibility for the care provided by them .(Johnstone 2015) . In case of patient it is the sole responsibility of a nurse to determine whether or not a person is entitled for a nursing care, by evaluating his day to day activities. The questionnaire designed for Mr. X highlights the activities of daily life (ADL), and helps in determining whether or not, Mr. X requires assistance or quality nursing care. Code statement 2: Nurses should value respect for the customers of healthcare, and continually protect the dignity of a patient or for an individual who might require health care(Ahpra.gov.au, 2016). It also includes coping up or the level of tolerance shown by a nurse, with regard to a patient requiring assistance especially older adults, and realizing the helplessness or vulnerability of the individual under care. Considering the case of Mr. X, who is short tempered and usually disgusted by the number of questions being asked to him. A sense for respect and tolerance was maintained during the session. Code Statement 7: Nurses should maintain the confidentiality and privacy of each person under their care and should not disclose any information to any unauthorized person. In addition to that, the information should only be accessed in order to provide quality health care. All the information provided by Mr. X is kept confidential and all the interactions are purely professional and private in nature. The information will only be used to determine the need of quality health care. ADL Practices of the interviewee: According to the Resource Utilisation Groups (RUG-ADL) in a community service a score of (16 18) RUG-ADL or above reflects serious condition and thus, requires a referral to the hospital or aged care provision placement. According to Eckner (2014), these scores may trigger Occupational Therapy assessment or elevation in the tools and equipment in the community or the inpatient setting. On considering the case of Mr. X, he was a middle-aged man who required the least assistance. According to the interview conducted using the questionnaire as a tool, it was found that the RUG-ADL score of Mr. X was calculated as 9. As per the RUG-ADL scoring scale, values between 16 to 18 reflects serious condition. Since the score of Mr. X was reported as nine, therefore, he dons not require referral to a hospital (Pompeu et al. 2012). According to the interview, Mr. X has normal ADL, and he does not require assistance in any of his daily activities ranging from mobility to eating habits. This reflects his body functioning is almost normal and stable. The only exception is the consumption of medicine daily for high blood pressure and often requires the assistance of a chair during a long stay in the classroom (Sjlund et al. 2014). As discussed by Verhaaren et al. (2013), there are few determinants that play a significant role in identifying the reason of his health condition and ADL. The first determinant is stress. Since, Mr. X was a professor, the daily activities that he performed in the class which involves tension about controlling the class discipline, demonstration, conducting practical, checking answer scripts, etc. all piles up to cause hypertension. This ultimately leads to high blood pressure. The second determinant of health is age. Generally, high blood pressure is observed in middle aged person. His age and high blood pressure cause him to get stressed out during a long period of class room activity (Semenza et al. 2014). Conclusion: This report presents a brief analysis of the interview conducted on Mr. X who is a professor of the G.F. University of Australia. Activities of daily living (ADL) is a term coined in order to refer to the daily self-care activities of individuals in the healthcare sector. The healthcare professionals often use an individuals ability or inability to execute ADL as a form of measurement of their functional condition. The interview was conducted using the questionnaire as an effective tool. The set of questions were designed based the general "Activities of daily living (ADL)" of Mr. X. The questionnaire contained a set of six questions which were related to the daily activities of the interviewee. As per the report of the interview, it can be concluded that the physical activities and functions of Mr. X were normal except assistance of chair during class was taken due to high blood pressure. The determinants of his condition were identified as his age and stress. References: Ahpra.gov.au. (2016). Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency - Search. DESJARDINS, M. and SAVOYSKI, J., 2014. Activities of Daily Living.Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants, p.342. Eckner, J., 2014.High blood pressure-determinants and risks. Johnstone, M.J., 2015.Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences Klinger, E., Kadri, A., Sorita, E., Le Guiet, J.L., Coignard, P., Fuchs, P., Leroy, L., Du Lac, N., Servant, F. and Joseph, P.A., 2013. AGATHE: A tool for personalized rehabilitation of cognitive functions based on simulated activities of daily living.IRBM,34(2), pp.113-118. Mehrholz, J., Hdrich, A., Platz, T., Kugler, J. and Pohl, M., 2012. Electromechanical and robotà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ assisted arm training for improving generic activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke.The Cochrane Library. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2016). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. [online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 22 Jun. 2016]. Pirsiavash, H. and Ramanan, D., 2012, June. Detecting activities of daily living in first-person camera views. InComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2012 IEEE Conference on(pp. 2847-2854). IEEE. Pompeu, J.E., dos Santos Mendes, F.A., da Silva, K.G., Lobo, A.M., de Paula Oliveira, T., Zomignani, A.P. and Piemonte, M.E.P., 2012. Effect of Nintendo Wii-based motor and cognitive training on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomised clinical trial.Physiotherapy,98(3), pp.196-204. Semenza, C., Meneghello, F., Arcara, G., Burgio, F., Gnoato, F., Facchini, S., Benavides-Varela, S., Clementi, M. and Butterworth, B., 2014. A new clinical tool for assessing numerical abilities in neurological diseases: numerical activities of daily living.Frontiers in aging neuroscience,6. Sjlund, B.M., Wimo, A., Qiu, C., Engstrm, M. and von Strauss, E., 2014. Time trends in prevalence of activities of daily living (ADL) disability and survival: comparing two populations (aged 78+ years) living in a rural area in Sweden.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics,58(3), pp.370-375. Verhaaren, B.F., Vernooij, M.W., de Boer, R., Hofman, A., Niessen, W.J., van der Lugt, A. and Ikram, M.A., 2013. High blood pressure and cerebral white matter lesion progression in the general population.Hypertension,61(6), pp.1354-1359.

Wherein the world is Osama Bin Laden an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Wherein the world is Osama Bin Laden Wherein the world is Osama Bin Laden is a 93 minute movie released in France and USA in English, Arabic and French languages. This movie is directed by Morgan Spurlock and the film has locations of Afghanistan and Middle East. Need essay sample on "Wherein the world is Osama Bin Laden" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The major points that are focused in this film are, the views and opinions of Arab world and whether Middle East is in any way affected with the present situation that is prevailing in Arab and Muslim countries. Secondly, Morgan Spurlock speaks to various people to know the opinions and views about Americans and American foreign policies and receives mixed opinions from people. Thirdly, people are looking forward for a safer place in the world, to lead a peaceful life with families and many parents are afraid that children would be forced to join terrorist groups to be away from poverty, discomfort and fear in daily lives. Fourthly, Spurlock in the film identifies another fact that people are concerned about day-today-life and are not concerned and also discourage the activities of terrorist groups or internal wars. The film in a wider perspective films about the situation in Middle East and Afghanistan wherein there was much chaos and political instability for several years which is why, these places have become haversacks for terrorist groups. Times have changed now, that people have become aware of democratic policies and are willing to pave the way for a peaceful society as never before. Caste, religion or political instabilities have disappointed people and every individual is looking for a change in society at a global level. Nations staying on high alert at all levels, is an evidence that terrorist groups are active and people together with democratic governments do not accept the verdict of terrorist groups. Personal opinion in this regard, first of all a great job performed by Spurlock is quite commendable and appreciable that the theme chosen is effective and challenging. Effective is due to the fact that many people in the world do not know about this notorious personality and secondly the film is quite challenging that in spite of indomitable efforts of Americans, this personality is still not brought to the threshold of international law for serious violation of human rights and international conspiracies. The effort in film making, concept and objective are quite straightforward in personalizing the theme and focusing people as the final judges in giving judgment. There is no point to agree or disagree within the film. The film is a fundamental focus on an international fact, that disturbed the lives of millions of people around the world and has changed the status of global situation. No authority exists above International Court of law and as a matter of fact, every issue is a major issue that within the purview of International code of law. The supreme authority of International code of law has a final decree or judgment that is brought before and the verdict can never be controversial. Ignorance of law can never be excused and violation of human rights is serious cause for punishments under International Court of Law with its various provisions of laws being quite stringent and strong. References Peter Sciretta (2008) Where in the World is Osama Bin Laden Movie Trailer (2008) Accessed May 18, 2008 http://www.slashfilm.com/first-look-morgan-spurlock%E2%80%99s-where-in-the-world-is-osama-bin-laden/ James Sanford 'Where in the World is Osama bin Laden?': Morgan Spurlock wants to know

Why “follow your passion” is bad advice

Why â€Å"follow your passion† is bad advice â€Å"Do what you love†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that’s the dream, right? Everyone fantasizes at some point about quitting their day job and going full-time after something they already love to do, whether it’s a hobby or a secret passion. Steve Jobs once famously said, â€Å"The only way to do great work is to love what you do.† So what could possibly be the drawback of making your passion your career? 6 reasons passion shouldn’t drive your career1. Not everyone has a passionIf you feel like you should be pursuing something you’re passionate about in order to feel fulfilled, that presents an immediate question: what is your passion, anyway? For some, it’s an easy answer. For others, not so much. If â€Å"do what you love† sounds more like a command and less like an opportunity, then that pressure may lead you to do something just for the sake of doing it- not because it’s the right path.It’s totally okay to keep your passion as a free-time activity. It’s also okay to have a lot of different interests instead of one driving passion. Not everyone feels a calling to do one particular thing, forever and ever.2. Passion might not pay the billsYour career is about the life you want to create for yourself- it’s a comprehensive picture. For most people, that includes long-term stability for themselves and/or their families. Pursuing your lifelong love of being a performing accordionist may sound appealing now, but what’s your strategy for the long haul? If you can’t plan how your passion path will be sustainable as a career and not just a temporary choice, then it’s probably not the best professional option.3. Pursuing your passion may not solve your problemsFollowing your passion may seem extra appealing for a lot of reasons: stress at work, boredom, and general life malaise are a few. But even if you mar ch into your boss’s office and hand in your resignation tomorrow, that doesn’t mean your life will be magically happier or more fulfilling. Before you consider making any big life change, it’s important to think about why you’re making the choice, and what (realistically) you will achieve by doing it.4. Making a career out of a passion can blur boundariesIf you love to do, say, stand-up comedy on nights and weekends, but keep it entirely separate from your day job as a nursing assistant, that might not be a bad thing. If you make your passion your career, that means you’re going to be spending a lot of time on and off the clock thinking about it, doing it, and engaging with it. There’s definitely something to be said about setting work-life boundaries and keeping a balance.And it could be that comedy is a great release for your work stress or daily routine, but wouldn’t be as fun when you’re not only doing it all the time, but also need to focus on making it pay the bills. Will you love doing this as much when it’s your main source of income and you’re doing it every day?5. What we love may not be what we’re strongest at doingFact of life: sometimes our passions don’t line up with our skills. For example: I love to bake. I’m decent at it, but definitely don’t have the skills or infrastructure to do it professionally. And although sometimes I think about what it would be like to quit my office job and bake cookies full-time, I’ve made peace with the fact that my most marketable professional skills are geared toward jobs outside the kitchen.What we love to do and what we’re trained/educated/great at doing may not be the same thing at all. So when someone tells you to follow your passion as a career, there’s a significant risk that what we love to do on an amateur level just may not be a strong choice for going pro.6. Even passion projects require a planâ€Å"Follow your passion† is very vague. The logistics of your new passion career are probably not. For example, would your new business require you to get additional education or certification if you were to go pro? What kind of connections would you need to dig up employment opportunities in your passion field? There’s a very good chance that elevating a passion to a career would involve starting over in many different ways, so be prepared to plan it out beyond â€Å"I really like doing this, therefore I should do it full-time.†Making a personal passion into a career sounds like great, life-affirming advice- and it can be. But in many cases, it’s just not feasible or sustainable. So before you follow your bliss, consider all aspects of your hot new career path. And remember: there’s no shame in doing a job that may not inspire an all-consuming passion. If you’re doing work that challenges you and helps you fulfill your goals, you’re already doing pretty well!

The Essay Experts Top 10 List of Career and Fun for 2017

The Essay Experts Top 10 List of Career and Fun for 2017 Every year, I look forward to putting together my Top 10 List of Lists. I get to scroll through the year and remind myself of some of the interesting articles, blogs, and just plain fun stuff that captures my attention as soon as I start reading. Here are some lists you might want to visit as you prepare for a job search and a successful career in 2018 – and some that are pure entertainment, at least for me. My  Top 10 List For Career Job Trends Resume and job search trends that will dominate in 2018. The top two items on this list are near and dear to my heart: Professionally prepared resumes, which reduce typos and make you stand out, and the increasing emphasis on personality. One of my favorite webinars to present is â€Å"How to Put Personality into Your LinkedIn Profile,† and seeing this item on a top trends list confirms the importance of the topic. Culture fit will ultimately be what gets you hired. Top 10 Best Job Websites. I had this one on my list last year and I’m keeping it here in its updated form. You’ll find a mix of traditional job boards and sites that match you with employers, as well as places like Glassdoor.com that provide useful industry research. LinkedIn remains solidly on the list, of course! Job Trends for 2018. LinkedIn features prominently on this list as well. Plus read about the growing use of personality tests and social media checks, as well as efforts to reduce bias in hiring. Blind recruitment shows promise as a way to increase diversity and decrease the workplace gender gap! Plus, learn how critical the first 90 seconds of your interview is in influencing a hiring decision. 10 Workplace Trends You’ll See In 2018. I like this list especially because of the #1 item, â€Å"Leaders encourage more human interaction.† How great is that! Companies are recognizing the importance of relationship more and more. They are taking steps like designing workspaces that encourage interpersonal interaction, and cutting back on telecommuting in favor of phone calls, video conferencing, and in-person meetings. I also like   #5, â€Å"Financial and mental wellness get prioritized.† Many companies are providing loan repayment assistance to ease their employees’ financial burdens, and HR is acknowledging the value of â€Å"mental health days† and easily accessible mental health services. 10 Career Resolutions for the new year. This list encompasses directly career-related items and also self-care and self-improvement. All of these are so intertwined and so important. For Fun Top 10 Videos of 2017.  Some of the videos here are mind-blowing. You will definitely want to view the Iceland one on full screen! Enjoy the stunning sights and sounds. I know I did! The Voice: All 11 Coaches Ranked From Best to Worst. How does Blake do it? His team members win the show way too often for there to be any coincidence here. Why would anyone pick a different coach, other than that they hope to get stolen by Blake? Okay yes, I’m obsessed with this show. The Bachelor and Bachelorette Couples: Who Made Their Love Last?  The Bachelor Nation doesn’t have a great track record of lasting relationships, but a significant few have made it past the fantasy world. If you’re a hopeless romantic like I am, you might enjoy this list. 10 Shocking Things You Can Legally Send in the Mail. I was fairly shocked to learn that there was a time when children were mailed to grandma for a visit. And this is just one of the things on the â€Å"mailing list† that raised my eyebrows. Maybe you’ll come up with an idea for a holiday gift here. Happy reading! 10 of the Most Anticipated Books Out in 2018. From Brave by Rose McGowan, about her life and role in the Harvey Weinstein scandal, to The Monk of Mokha by Dave Eggers, a true story about a Yemeni-American dedicated to coffee in the midst of his country’s 2015 civil war, to many more writings about survival, resilience, ambition and creativity, these books are not to be missed. I hope you enjoy exploring my recommendations. What are your favorite lists looking back on 2017 or forward to 2018? Please share! And if youre looking to take your career to the next level in 2018, Id love to help. Send me your resume and LinkedIn profile URL and Ill be happy to suggest the  resume writing and/or  LinkedIn profile writing service that will get the best results for you!

The Walt Disney Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Walt Disney Corporation - Research Paper Example The dream of iestablishingthe giant corporation can be traced back in time when Alice in Wonderland short series began (Denny and Williams, 2004). A theme well developed in many of Walt’s cartoons is undying optimism, which can be related to the Vision of Dream on which the company is formed. From the time the company was incorporated to its current performance, for instance in the figures illustrated above, it is quite in order to state that the company has followed its dream. Believing in the company’s position and capacity to achieve its goals could have been the secret behind its success. Achieving what might appear impossible can only be accomplished in believing. Another character possessed by Walt Disney is that of unwavering belief in achieving anything desired of. Walt had a dream of becoming a cartoonist and the belief he had propelled him above that to be founder of animated cartoons watched all over the world. The company’s story can be said to be a successful belief, now that it even covers more than animated cartoons. Concerning a daring spirit, Walt was a good salesman from the beginning, with some fine skills that were rare to find in those times. Early in his art work, he aggressively and determinately sold his cartoons and comedies until he got into partnerships that enabled him to settle down for business. He was capable of using his salesmanship skills to successfully convince his animation team at Kansas City to relocate to California. The company’s markets its products aggressively and with a good precision to take advantage of the market better than its competitors, such that it has become a worldwide household brand Capodagli and Jackson, 2000). According to Hair et al (2008), when a market evolves to become well established, it becomes a lucrative venture that many investors would want to try. The line of business that Walt Disney deals with has

Vision of Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Vision of Democracy - Essay Example ffort to create emphasis on the prevailing position of the country as the sole superpower and believes it has been slowly adopting totalitarian tendencies. This is as a consequence of the transformations that it has experienced in the process of military mobilization needed to fight the Axis powers and the subsequent campaigns to contain the Soviet Union while the Cold War continued. Wolin considers the egalitarianism of the US as excluding political involvement of the people and perceives it to be a managed democracy. He goes further to explain managed democracy as a political structure that legitimizes the governments through elections that are controlled whereby the electorate is disallowed from having a considerable effect on the policies that are embraced by the state through the continuous use of public relations approaches. Wolin compares the United States to the Nazi Government in one key manner without any inversion, which is the fundamental role that is associated by propaganda in the system. In Germany during the Nazi era, the creation of propaganda was a national affair but in the US, the greatly concerted media conglomerates develop it, which creates the impression of a free press. In the United States, opposition is permitted but the corporate media acts as a filter that allows people who have been limited by time to maintain their awareness of pub lic affairs, only to be bombarded with opinions that the corporate media considers as serious. Starting from the nineteenth century, there was a considerable shift in wealth and power from the owners of properties and merchants to corporations2. This change was augmented in the industrial revolution era when the corporations acquired more economic and political powers while most of the wealth was controlled by a few barons who utilized it for political leverage. In 1864, President Abraham Lincoln gave the warning that corruption was highly likely to follow this increase in corporate powers. Productions in

Analysis and Design of Software Architecture Essay Example for Free

Analysis and Design of Software Architecture Essay Outline 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Development Process Requirements Quality Attributes Runtime QA Non-runtime QA Requirements Analysis: Example Architectural Analysis Design Architectural Views Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 2 / 78 Development Process Methodology Diï ¬â‚¬erent software development processes have software architecture as a part of the process Rational uniï ¬ ed process Spiral development method Agile development method Evolutionary rapid development Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 3 / 78 Development Process Place of SA in SDP Figure: Source: Software Architecture Primer by Reekie, McAdam Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 4 / 78 Development Process Methodology After the initial requirements analysis but before software design The ï ¬ rst architecture is also a communication basis with the customer Inputs for the development of the architecture: 1 2 Requirements Context (technical, organizational, business, ) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 5 / 78 Requirements Analysis At the beginning there is always a customer who wants a speciï ¬ c software system Customer â€Å"wishes† are always informal Interviews, some documents, some Excel tables, We need to analyze such informal records and structure it Requirements engineering is a huge ï ¬ eld but we just illustrate here one possibility Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 6 / 78 Requirements Analysis The results of the requirements analysis: 1 2 Functional requirements Non-functional requirements (a) Runtime qualities (b) Non-runtime qualities 3 Contextual requirements Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 7 / 78 Requirements Functional requirements A technical expression of what a system will do Arise from stakeholder needs Structured language: software requirements speciï ¬ cation Use cases: structured description of user interactions with the system Formal models: e. g. state-charts Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 8 / 78 Requirements Non-functional requirements Other needs than directly functional or business-related Generally expressed in the form of quality-attributes Runtime quality attributes Non-runtime quality attributes Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 9 / 78 Requirements Contextual requirements What technology is available? Expertise of the development team Previous experience of users/customers Technical, business, market, legal, ethical, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 10 / 78 Quality Attributes Need to address QAs Without any need for performance, scalability, any implementation of functionality is acceptable However, we always need to take into account the broader context E.g. hardware, technological, organizational, business, The functionality must be there but without proper addressing of QA it is worth nothing Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 11 / 78 Quality Attributes Inï ¬â€šuence on QAs Typically, a single component can not address a QA completely Any QA is inï ¬â€šuenced by multiple components and their interactions E.g. a UI component has a high degree of usability: however, usability of the system is compromised if a data management component has poor performance in accessing the data → users need to wait long → poor usability Components and their interactions → software architecture QAs are directly inï ¬â€šuenced by software architecture Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 12 / 78 Runtime QA PURS PURS (performance, usability, reliability, security) Performance: time performance, memory, disk, or network utilization Usability: human factors, easy to learn, easy to use, Reliability: availability, safety, Security: authentication, data protection, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 13 / 78 Runtime QA Performance Time performance is most obvious Measured in the number of operations per second Also, latency: the time from receiving an input and producing an output Other measures: memory, disk, network utilization or throughput Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 14 / 78 Runtime QA Performance Diï ¬â‚¬erent measures are typically traded oï ¬â‚¬ against each other E.g. increasing throughput may increase latency Time performance might be increased with more memory True performance of the system is not only deï ¬ ned by performance of single components But also by their interactions and the overall processes in the system Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 15 / 78 Runtime QA Performance factors Choice of algorithms Database design Communication Resource management Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 16 / 78 Runtime QA Choice of algorithms Performance of algorithms is measured by their complexity (big O) E.g. linear complexity: O(n) Running time increases in direct proportion to the size of the data E.g. polynomial complexity: O(n2 ) It does not scale: double size of the data running time increased by factor of 4 Goal: O(nlog (n)) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 17 / 78 Runtime QA Database design Performance of database queries can dominate the overall performance The design of the tables has enormous impact on the overall performance Techniques to improve it: lazy evaluation, replication, caching Some additional cost to manage replication and/or caching In-memory databases (real-time systems) Developing a new database (search engines) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 18 / 78 Runtime QA Communication Network overhead Package data according to a protocol, sending data over network Each layer means additional overhead Think how to use network: packaging binary data as XML!? Use more compact formats, e.g. JSON vs XML Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 19 / 78 Runtime QA Resources management Overloaded components need to be avoided A chain is only as strong as its weakest link! E.g. a single-threaded shared resource is in use: all other threads are blocked Very diï ¬Æ'cult to track down Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 20 / 78 Runtime QA Usability Usability is a very rich ï ¬ eld If usability is important you will need a usability expert Combination of many factors: responsiveness, graphical design, user expectations, conï ¬ dence Measuring with time taken to complete task, error rate, time to response, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 21 / 78 Runtime QA Responsiveness and data availability An example of relations between QAs Usability requires that the system responds to user actions within a certain period of time If it is a complex system this need translates into performance along the path of the user action Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 22 / 78 Runtime QA Responsiveness and data availability Figure: Usability vs. Performance Source: Software Architecture Primer by Reekie, McAdam Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 23 / 78 Runtime QA Discussion on relations between QAs This diagram shows that we need to pay attention to tuning communication between B and Y Performance of the communication channel is a consequence of a usability requirement Do we need to support security of the communication channel? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 24 / 78 Runtime QA Discussion on relations between QAs This diagram shows that we need to pay attention to tuning communication between B and Y Performance of the communication channel is a consequence of a usability requirement Do we need to support security of the communication channel? We support QAs always only as a response to user needs Never because it is needed anyway! Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 24 / 78 Runtime QA Discussion on relations between QAs If we support security even if it is not needed Very often QAs exercise opposing forces on the system Security requires a lot of checking: performance will suï ¬â‚¬er → usability will suï ¬â‚¬er A minimalistic approach: develop only what is required! Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 25 / 78 Runtime QA Reliability In traditional engineering disciplines reliability measures the failure rate of the system Failure rate speciï ¬ ed by mean time to failure MTTF A related measure: mean time between failures MTBF MTTR is mean time to repair A is availability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 26 / 78 Runtime QA Reliability MTBF = MTTF + MTTR A= A= MTTF MTBF MTTF MTTF +MTTR E.g. expected availability of Web systems: Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 27 / 78 Runtime QA Reliability MTBF = MTTF + MTTR A= A= MTTF MTBF MTTF MTTF +MTTR E.g. expected availability of Web systems: 1 (always up-and-running) =⇒ MTTF → ∞ Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 27 / 78 Runtime QA Reliability Increasing reliability involves testing However, impossible to prove that a system is correct, i.e. without bugs Acceptability of errors depends on the  nature of a system Personal desktop use: bugs are typically tolerated Enterprise level: medium reliability level High-reliable systems: bugs can be fatal Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 28 / 78 Runtime QA Security Increasingly important aspect of systems is security Because systems are exposed to threats Especially networked systems As with other QAs security is a set of related responses to user needs Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 29 / 78 Runtime QA Authentication Requirement for identiï ¬ cation of users with a system Users present credentials so that the system can identify them Typically username and password Other forms: certiï ¬ cates, smart cards, biometric features Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 30 / 78 Runtime QA Authorization After authentication authorization which functions and what data is available for users This information is captured in an authorization model Access control lists (ACL) deï ¬ ne who can access and how a resource might be accessed E.g. read access, write access, delete access, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 31 / 78 Runtime QA Authorization Drawbacks of ACLs It is resource based, e.g. a page in a CMS Often, authorization needs to address functions or tasks Also, managing of ACLs is diï ¬Æ'cult, e.g. subresources of resources Also, performance problems with checking Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 32 / 78 Runtime QA Authorization Another model: role-based access control (RBAC) Roles are used to manage many-to-many relations between users and permissions Roles are used to represent the job functions, e.g. author, teacher, student in an E-learning system Permissions are modeled as parts of roles, e.g. create page, create tests, Users are than assigned to a role and acquire automatically permissions of that role Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 33 / 78 Non-runtime QA MeTRiCS MeTRiCS (maintainability, evolvability, testability, reusability, integrability, conï ¬ gurability, scalability) Maintainability: how easy can you ï ¬ x bugs and add new features Evolvability: how easy your system copes with changes Testability: how easy can you test the system for correctness Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 34 / 78 Non-runtime QA MeTRiCS Reusability: how easy is to use software elements in other contexts, e.g. a software library Integrability: how easy you can make the separately developed components of the system work correctly together Conï ¬ gurability: how easy can a system be conï ¬ gured for diï ¬â‚¬erent installations and target groups Scalability: how easy the system copes with a higher performance demand Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 35 / 78 Non-runtime QA Maintainability This QA considers the whole lifecycle of a system What happens during system operation? Property that allows a system to be modiï ¬ ed after deployment wirh ease E.g. extensible, modiï ¬ ed behavior, ï ¬ xing errors Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 36 / 78 Non-runtime QA Maintainability At the design and implementation level Code comments Object-oriented principles and design rules Consistent programming styles Documentation Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 37 / 78 Non-runtime QA Maintainability Maintainability is very important because any software system will change over time Experience shows that such changes tend to degrade the system over time Software systems are subject to entropy The cumulative eï ¬â‚¬ect of changes degrades the quality of the system Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 38 / 78 Non-runtime QA Maintainability The systems tend to become messy systems Regardless of how a nice plan you had at beginning Design for change recollect OO design rules Abstract messy parts of the system so that they can be exchanged Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 39 / 78 Non-runtime QA Maintainability Don’t be afraid to refactor and rewrite and redesign Each software vendor does this with major versions Create throw-away prototypes Think out-of-box and innovate Don’t always follow a hype very often nothing new in hypes E.g. Web services Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 40 / 78 Non-runtime QA Testability Means to improve testability Test cases: if something fails there is a bug Separation of the testing framework and the system, i.e. testing with scripts from outside Logging Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 41 / 78 Non-runtime QA Conï ¬ gurability Ability of a system to vary its operational parameters without re-compiling or re-installing E.g. selecting appropriate database drivers, conï ¬ guring network parameters, Typically, realized by a set of conï ¬ guration ï ¬ les E.g. Apache Web server conï ¬ guration ï ¬ le sets host name, virtual hosts, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 42 / 78 Non-runtime QA Conï ¬ gurability Conï ¬ gurability interacts with other QAs such as testability, maintainability, reliability High degree of conï ¬ gurability tends to have a negative impact on those QAs Testing of diï ¬â‚¬erent system conï ¬ guration becomes more diï ¬Æ'cult → reliability compromised Conï ¬ gurable components will be strongly parametrized → decreased maintainability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 43 / 78 Non-runtime QA Scalability Ability of a system to increase its capacity without re-compiling or re-installing E.g. serving additional Web pages means only copying these Web pages into a Web server ï ¬ le system Sometimes increasing capacity means increasing hardware, e.g. Web server clusters Managing user session on the client side, means only providing additional code-on-demand from the server Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 44 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example System description Web-based Network Analysis Tool: W-NAT A simple and usable system for network analysis is needed. Networks are entities that contain not only individuals but also their connections with other individuals (see e.g. 3 for an example). The system accepts a network representations as a list of pairs of connected nodes stored in a dataset ï ¬ le. Nodes are represented as integers. An edge between two nodes is stored as a line containing two nodes delimited by a tabulator. Users might upload datasets to the systems and store them for further analysis. Each user might upload multiple datasets and can execute various analysis on those datasets. The system keeps the track of the analysis history for each user. Users may calculate degree distributions, network diameter, clustering coeï ¬Æ'cient, connectivity measures, singular values, and diï ¬â‚¬erent centrality measures. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 45 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example System description Web-based Network Analysis Tool: W-NAT Users can execute various calculations on multiple datasets in parallel. The system must not be blocked if a calculation is currently under way. Rather it should be possible to start a new calculation, or view previous calculations, etc. In case of longer calculations the system needs to notify the user by e-mail when the calculation is over. The results of the calculations should be available in textual and in graphical form. All results can be also downloaded to a local computer. The system will be used by a group of students that learn the basics of network analysis. It is expect that at any times the system will be used by multiple users executing multiple calculations. Since the system is primarily an educational tool it needs to be didactically sound, i.e. simplicity and usability are very important. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 46 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example System description 6 How to search in a small world Pajek Figure 2: HP Labs’ email communication (light grey lines) mapped onto the organizational hierarchy of HP Labs constructed out the e-mail communication. Figure: Social network(black lines). Note that communication tends to â€Å"cling† to of formal organizational chart. From: How to search a social network, Adamic, 2005. with one another. The h-distance, used to navigate the network, is computed as follows: individuals have h-distance one to their manager and to everyone they share a manager with. Distances are then recursively assigned, so that each individual has h-distance 2 to their ï ¬ rst neighbor’s neighbors, and h-distance 3 to their second Denis Helic (KMI, TU neighbor’s neighbors, etc. SA Analysis and Design Graz) Oct 19, 2011 47 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example System description Web-based Network Analysis Tool: W-NAT The system is a Web-based system and the users should be able to operate the system by using a standard Web browser. The users need not install any additional plugins to operate the system. User perceived performance of the system should be acceptable. In addition, standard Web usability concepts need to be followed. In particular, browser back button must be working at all times and it should be possible to bookmark pages at all times. Finally, standard Web design principles should be satisï ¬ ed, meaning that pages are valid (X)HTML pages in at least HTML Transitional. The system needs to support cross browser compatibility. Further, each page and each important application state needs to have a unique and human-readable URL. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 48 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR1: The system is a network analysis tool. The system can calculate the following measures. UR1.1: UR1.2: UR1.3: UR1.4: UR1.5: Out-degree distribution In-degree distribution Cumulative out-degree distribution Cumulative in-degree distribution Hop plot Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 49 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR1: The system is a network analysis tool. The system can calculate the following measures. UR1.6: Clustering coeï ¬Æ'cient UR1.7: Distribution of weakly connected components UR1.8: Distribution of strongly connected components UR1.9: Left singular vector UR1.10: Right singular vector Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 50 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR1: The system is a network analysis tool. The system can calculate the following measures. UR1.12: UR1.12: UR1.13: UR1.14: UR1.15: Network singular values Degree centrality Closeness centrality Betweenness centrality Eigenvector centrality Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 51 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR2: Networks are stored in dataset ï ¬ les. UR3: The dataset ï ¬ le has the following format. NodeID1 \t NodeID2\n UR4: Users can upload multiple datasets to the system. UR5: To perform an analysis users select a dataset and then choose a measure to calculate. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 52 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR6: For each user and for each dataset the system manages a history of calculations. UR7: Users may initiate multiple calculations simultaneously. UR8: When a calculation is started the system is not blocked. UR9: The system notiï ¬ es users about a ï ¬ nished calculation by e-mail. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 53 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR6: For each user and for each dataset the system manages a history of calculations. UR7: Users may initiate multiple calculations simultaneously. UR8: When a calculation is started the system is not blocked. UR9: The system notiï ¬ es users about a ï ¬ nished calculation by e-mail. When is this notiï ¬ cation needed? If the user is logged out? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 53 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR10: The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 54 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR10: The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 54 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR10: The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11: Users can download the calculation results. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 54 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR10: The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11: Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, how archived? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 54 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR10: The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11: Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, how archived? UR12: Users can register with the system. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 54 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR10: The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11: Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, how archived? UR12: Users can register with the system. How register? E-mail? Captcha? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 54 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Functional requirements UR10: The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11: Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, how archived? UR12: Users can register with the system. How register? E-mail? Captcha? UR13: Users can login and log out. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 54 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3: Authentication should be supported. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3: Authentication should be supported. Security Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3: Authentication should be supported. Security UR4: User-perceived performance must be acceptable Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3: Authentication should be supported. Security UR4: User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and Usability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3: Authentication should be supported. Security UR4: User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and Usability How many seconds at max users can wait? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3: Authentication should be supported. Security UR4: User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and Usability How many seconds at max users can wait? UR5: Web-based system should be available at all times. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR1: The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2: The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3: Authentication should be supported. Security UR4: User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and Usability How many seconds at max users can wait? UR5: Web-based system should be available at all times. Reliability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 55 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7: Extending the system with new metrics. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7: Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, conï ¬ gurability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7: Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, conï ¬ gurability UR8: Reliability of a Web-based system. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7: Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, conï ¬ gurability UR8: Reliability of a Web-based system. Testability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7: Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, conï ¬ gurability UR8: Reliability of a Web-based system. Testability UR9: Multiple users. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Non-functional requirements UR6: Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7: Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, conï ¬ gurability UR8: Reliability of a Web-based system. Testability UR9: Multiple users. Scalability Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 56 / 78 Requirements Analysis: Example Contextual requirements UR1: Web browser. UR2: Valid (X)HTML, at least (X)HTML Transitional. UR3: No browser plugins are allowed. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 57 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Analysis We analyze the requirements and try to identify so-called key concepts Understanding of the domain Static part of the domain We also try to identify key process and activities Dynamic part of the domain Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 58 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Design Design is the process of creating models (recollect the deï ¬ nition of SA) Two basic types of architectural models Structure and behavior Architectural structure is a static model of a system (i.e. how the system is divided into components) Architectural behavior is a dynamic model of a system (i.e. how the components interact with each other to perform some useful work) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 59 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural structure The division of a system into components and connectors To represent the model: box-and-lines diagrams (to see at a glance important concepts) It is important to remember that diagrams are only representations of the model Diagrams must always be accompanied by additional material such as text, data models, mathematical models, etc. The combination of diagrams and additional material is an architectural model Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 60 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural structure What is a component? What is a connector? Components might be subsystems, separate processes, source code packages, Connectors might be network protocols, method invocations, associations, The combination of diagrams and additional material is an architectural model Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 61 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural structure Figure: Example of an architectural structure Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 62 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural structure In the diagram we have one user-interface and one database component But what is the criteria for deciding what is a component? Separate program modules? Separate threads or processes? Conceptual or functional division? And what about connectors? Network protocols? Callbacks? Request/response cycles? Method invocations? Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 63 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural structure What is the level of granularity of a diagram? E.g. for a Web-based system, components are servers and browsers and connector is HTTP But, components of a server are HTTP parser, ï ¬ le I/O, cache, plug-ins, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 64 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural structure Comparison with OO: a component is an object and a connector is a message sent between two objects Because models in OO are very well deï ¬ ned Therefore, we need additional information that accompanies diagrams To describe criteria for decomposition and provide explanations on granularity Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 65 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior Complementing structure is architectural behavior Interaction of system elements to perform some useful work Functionality vs. behavior Functionality is what the system can do and behavior is the activity sequence Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 66 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior Example: Accessing a tweets document Request is sent to the Web presentation layer That layer forwards the request to the application logic, e.g. TweetDeck TweetDeck contacts TweetViews to obtain a particular template, then retrieves the data from TweetDB wraps it into an HTML response and sends the response to TweetUI Functionality allows me to display a tweets document, behavior is the sequence of activities that makes it happen Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 67 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior Each component has a set of responsibilities Behavior is the way how these responsibilities are exercised to respond to some event An event may be an action of the user or an event from an external system A particular behavior is an event plus a response in the form of a sequence of component responsibilities Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 68 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior To represent behavioral models we use use-case map notation by Buhr A use-case map consists of a trace drawn through a structural diagram of the system The path of the trace through a structural diagram shows the sequence of activities Each crossing of a component by the trace indicates exercising of a responsibility Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 69 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior Figure: Types of traces in use-case maps Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 70 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior (a) Single trace all responsibilities exercised sequentially (b) Two traces are consecutive: Equivalent to single trace but shows that continuation is triggered by another event (c) And-Fork: The traces after the line are potentially concurrent (run in parallel) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 71 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior Figure: Types of traces in use-case maps Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 72 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior (a) N-Way And-Fork: the trace after the fork may be replicated an arbitrary number of times (b) Or-Fork: The trace is split and activity proceeds along one or another path (c) Seq-Fork: The traces after the line are followed in the order indicated by the arrow Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 73 / 78 Architectural Analysis Design Architectural behavior Figure: Example of architectural behavior Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 74 / 78 Architectural Views Architectural views We can examine a system from diï ¬â‚¬erent points of view Diï ¬â‚¬erent kinds of views Conceptual: components are set of responsibilities and connectors are ï ¬â€šow of information Execution: components are execution units (processes) and connectors are messages between processes Implementation: components are libraries, source code, ï ¬ les, etc and connectors are protocols, api calls, etc. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 75 / 78 Architectural Views Architectural views There are other models as well We will mention them but we will investigate only previous three models Data model describes the data Physical model describes servers, ï ¬ rewalls, workstations, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 76 / 78 Architectural Views Architectural views Each view provides diï ¬â‚¬erent information about the structure of the system Each view addresses a speciï ¬ c set of concerns All views taken together is the primary means of documenting software architecture Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 77 / 78 Architectural Views Architectural views The conceptual architecture considers the structure of the system in terms of its domain-level functionality The execution architecture considers the system in terms of its runtime structure The implementation architecture considers the system in terms of its build-time structure Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 78 / 78

College Admissions Essay: Half as Courageous :: College Admissions Essays

If I Could be but Half as Courageous    Helen Keller was born on June 27th, 1880 in Tuscumbia, Alabama. She was a bright infant, interested in everything around her, and imitating adults at a very young age. In February of 1882, she was struck with an illness which left her deaf and blind. For several years, Helen had very little communication with the rest of the world, except for a few signs which she used with her family. When she was six, her parents wanted desperately to do something to help their strong-willed, half-wild, child. They were far from any deaf or blind schools, and doubted that anyone would come to the little town to educate their deaf and blind child. They heard of a doctor in Baltimore who had helped many seemingly hopeless cases of blindness, but when he examined Helen, there was nothing he could do for her. However, he referred them to Dr. Alexander Graham Bell who recommended Anne Sullivan to teach Helen.    On March 3, 1887 Helen met "the Miracle Worker," Anne Mansfield Sullivan. Then, about a month later on April 5, Helen associated the water running over her hand with the letters w-a-t-e r that Anne was spelling into her hand. That day she learned thirty words and proved to be a very intelligent, fast learner from then on. She quickly learned the finger-tip alphabet and shortly thereafter, to write. Helen had mastered Braille and learned how to use a typewriter by the age of 10. When she was 16, she could speak well enough to attend preparatory school and college. In 1904 she graduated from Radcliffe College with Anne Sullivan by her side interpreting lectures and class discussion to her.    Helen then dedicated her life to improving the world. She delivered many lectures to improve the conditions for the blind and deaf-blind. She spoke out for women's rights and pacifism. She spoke in over 25 countries bringing new hope to many people. She spoke against World War I and her pay from lectures declined because of her stand. During World War II she visited military personnel who had become blind and/or deaf because of injuries. She also spent a lot of time raising funds for organizations working with the deaf and blind. Helen also wrote several books concerning her life, her religious beliefs, and her teacher Anne Sullivan.

Real Gd Lit

(GANGSTER) In every city under the sun my name is the axis of the educational circle of crime and philosphy. Had it not been for me no prisons would have been built and no guns or bombs would have been created. I am the courge that creates resolution in man, I am the source that provokes orginalty of thought, I am the hand that moves mans hands. I am Gangster Everlasting! I am the Gangster that people fight in order to keep themselves alive. If they cease struggling against me slofullness will deaden their minds, hearts and souls in accordince with the weird penalties of their tremendous myth! I am Gangster Everlasting! I am the Gangster that creeps in the night to do the work of many. In fear of me they will travel to places of worship to condem me or places of vice to submit to my will. The woman who prays in the silence of the night to keep me from her bed is like the whore who invites me to her chamber! I am Gangster Everlasting! I am the builder of the CIA and FBI upon the foundation of fear. I am the insperation for falsehood, slander, treachery, decite, murder and mockery. And if these elements were to be removed from this earth, then the world would become like a deserted field in which naught would thrive but thorns of virtue. I am Gangster Everlasting. I am the heart of evil, I am the father and mother of all sin. I am Gangster Everlasting Eternal and Forevermore! dentifiers/symbols: six-point star Black Gangster Disciples the letters â€Å"BGD† raised pitchforks may sometimes use numbers to represent the alphabet; for example: 2=B, 7=G, and 4=D (BGD) Black Disciples dentifiers/symbols: six-point star initials â€Å"GD† initials â€Å"BOS† or â€Å"BOSS (Brothers of the Struggle or Brothers of the Strong Struggle) the number 6 raised pitchforks Gangster Disciples Identifiers/symbols: ix-point star initials â€Å"GD† initials â€Å"BOS† or â€Å"BOSS (Brothers of the Struggle or Brothers of the Strong Struggle) the number 6 raised pitchforks Imperial Gangsters Identifiers/symbols: crown with rounded edges initials â€Å"IG† raised pitchforks La Raza Identifiers/symbols: initials â€Å"LR† Folk Nation symbols Latin Eagles Identifiers/symbols: eagle in fligh t eagle's head Folk Nation symbols Latin Disciples Identifiers/symbols: heart with horns and devil's tail raised pitchforks Satan Disciples Identifiers/symbols: devil's horn devil's tail pitchfork

“How Should Posco-Ippc Increase Its Footprint in the Automobile Segment?

| Business Management IA| â€Å"How should POSCO-IPPC increase its footprint in the Automobile segment? | Candidate Name: Amrit Shah Session no. 002798011 School: Symbiosis International School Research Proposal: Executive Summary: 199 words Word Count: 1977| | Acknowledgements: I would like to acknowledge and thank: * Mrs. Vaishali Phatak for her support and assistance in helping me with this report * Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya- Electric Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune – for his contribution to the report and his time for the interview. * Mr. Joseph Joe- Automobile Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune- for his contribution to the report and his time for the interview. * Mr. Jacy Kim- General Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune- for allowing me to do this report on the company and for providing guidance and help throughout. Executive Summary POSCO-IPPC, a steel distributor for the Korean company POSCO have plans about establishing themselves firmly in the Indian Steel Industry given that they are facing consumer problems from their customers in the Automobile sector. As such this paper analyzes the question, â€Å"â€Å"How should POSCO-IPPC increase its footprint in the Automobile segment? † Primarily, a research question highlights the rationale, theoretical framework, action plan and methodology applied and possible constraints in answering the question. An Introduction enlightens us about the background and basic history related to the company itself and of relevance to the question. Findings and analysis is written on the basis of primary research inclusive of multiple interviews conducted with different managers and secondary research inclusive of mails concerning their expenses over the future prospects by the automobile sector manager that acted as a catalyst in evaluating using both financial (capacity utilization and decision tree) and non-financial methods(SWOT & PEST). The report mainly focuses on the problem of raw material which POSCO-IPPC is currently facing due to which they are not able to meet the increasing demand. Based on the research conducted, it is found that POSCO-IPPC has two options to overcome this problem. One that it could ask POSCO, Korea to supply them with greater raw material and the other that it could ask POSCO, Orissa, a manufacturing unit to supply them with raw material. These options have been evaluated keeping in mind the conditions to find out the most feasible option to give a strong conclusion. Possible solutions are discussed and the conclusion suggests that POSCO-IPPC in order to sustain itself in the Indian Steel Market needs to increase its output and using the financial and non-financial techniques discussed and the best viab1e option would be to increase its raw material supply from POSCO, Korea. Contents Acknowledgements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Research Proposal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Procedure/ Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Main Results and Finding †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 10 Analysis/Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Bibliogr aphy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Research Proposal Research Question How to increase POSCO-IPPC footprint in the Automobile segment? Rationale POSCO-IPPC, a distribution centre of Korea’s POSCO Steel Company, is a newbie in the Indian Steel market; they have a monopoly in the Electric steel market and they are undergoing problems in the Automobile sector so they should work on capturing more consumers in the Automobile sector so that they are able to stabilize themselves. The research question focuses on the ways POSCO-IPPC should apply to set its footprint in the automobile segment. Theoretical Framework My plan is to utilize both financial and non-financial techniques to evaluate the problems incurred by the management so that they are able to firmly establish themselves in the automobile sector. The report will analyse the problems faced, thus it will try to solve it using the financial techniques of Capacity Utilisation and Decision Tree and non-financial techniques of SWOT and PEST which will analyse the other problems, opportunities and threats. Key Areas of Syllabus Unit 4 – Operations management Decisions * Introducing Operations Management Improving operational efficiency: Capacity, Scale of production Unit 6 – Numerate techniques for business studies * Information for decision making Primary Research: * Interview with Electronic Steel manager Mr. Sharad Indu Bhattacharya regarding the company history, company status, market and other general aspects about the company’s working. * Interview with Automobile Steel manager Mr. Joseph Joe regarding the market stats in Automobile sector, drawbacks, problems and possible implications so as to understand their market in the Automobile sector. Secondary Research: * Some Information and the list of customers of POSCO-IPPC, Pune, India received through mail from Mr. Joseph. * Other background history of POSCO, Korea used and other facts and figures were taken from the internet. Possible Problems:| Solutions:| Managers were not able to understand the true purpose of the interview resulting in very compact answers. | Managers were asked questions in a very narrow perspective which narrowed down to minute details. | Responses from the managers were related to only their departments, unable to give a general view. Requested them to get information from other managers as well. Small interview with a employee and the production manager. | Limited access to detailed information on the customers and the company as the locations are very far and detail information is confidential. | Acknowledged in the conclusion. | Financial Data was limited to a great extent as it was a new company and Data was yet not published. | Estimates have b een taken and where estimates could not be taken, it has been described in words. | | | Action Plan: Date| Task | 18th August, 2008. | Talked on phone with Mr. Jacy Kim who agreed to let me do my project on the company. | 20th August, 2008. | Will take an Interview with Mr. Bharat Indu BhattacharyaWill take an interview of Mr. Joseph Joe Research Question formulated. | 22nd August, 2008. | Planning will be done as to the way this essay needs to go about. Introduction and Research Proposal will be written. | 30th August, 2008. | Data Collection should be done. | 5th September, 2009. | Main results and findings will be written down based on the information gathered from Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya and Mr. Joseph Joe over the days. 13th September, 2009. | Analysis of the data will be done. | 14th September, 2009. | Techniques of Capacity Utilization and Decision Tree will be applied. Will make a SWOT and PEST analysis. Analysis to be completed. | 15th January, 2009. | Recommendations written. Appendices made and attached. | 16th January, 2009. | Executive summary, content page, Action plan| Introduction: POSCO-India Pune Processing Centre Co. Ltd. , established in August 2006 but started its commercial distribution in 2006, and is a highly recognized by all the major companies of India for its great quality of its steel. Although being a newcomer in the Indian Steel Market, it has set its footprint as a Quality and principle based company. POSCO-IPPC is a coil centre for the Korean Steel giant POSCO Steel Limited which is a global producer of crude steel and finished steel goods. POSCO-IPPC involved an investment of 15 million dollars. It is an independent company of its own as it is a joint venture of POSCO (holding 65% of shares. ) and LG (holding 35% of shares. ) POSCO-IPPC is a processing unit which is locally managed. It is a processor-cum-distributor of steel in the electronic and automobile segment. It only plays a small role of slitting and shearing of the raw material as a processor. Its output is 10,000 metric tons per month with an annual turnover of 320 Crores in the previous financial year. It employs 120 people as its working staff out of which 60 are employed as payroll workers and other 60 are in contract. With the import prices and duties of steel and being a newbie in the Indian Steel market, it is facing competition from other distributors like ESSAR, TATA STEEL, JINDAL and other Chinese and Russian companies. In the Automobile sector, there are many problems created due to its high price and lack of output compared to that in the electronic steel sector for it holds monopoly in the sector for many of its products. As the management is highly equipped in its factors of production, it is researching on ways to exploit the Automobile market in order to firmly establish itself in the country. Therefore this report focuses on- â€Å"How should POSCO-IPPC increase its footprint in the Automobile segment? † Procedure/Methodology The Initial research included a detailed interview about the company and its standings with Mr. Bhattacharya-Electronic Steel manager. Another interview was with the Automobile Steel manager- Mr. Joseph Joe about the Automobile sector inclusive of the discussion over the problem mentioned in the research question. Underlining the major aspects in the interview, the questions focused on POSCO-IPPC’s strength, standings in the market, internal and external factors involved for and against production (which created the PEST, SWOT analysis and information for the analysis), and financial status and estimations advising financial techniques to be applied ( Capacity utilization and Decision Tree. The secondary research resulted in analyzing of POSCO Steel’s information and accessing other reports, industry statistics, market information and data via numerous internet sites. This helped in the results and findings, in strengthening the information available and recommendations and conclusions. It should be noted however, that financial data collected is based upon both à ¢â‚¬Ëœactual’ and ‘estimates’, which need further validation. In addition, the validity of this report may be influenced by the apparent subjectivity of some financial data given confidentially issues. Main results and Findings POSCO-IPPC Private Limited is a subsidiary of POSCO, the world's  fourth largest steel producer and one of the most competitive steel companies (World Steel Dynamics 2006) whose products are shipped to over 60 countries around the globe. Aside from this unit, POSCO has also invested 12 billion USD in Orissa which is proposed to produce an output of 12 million ton per annum by 2010. Since 1990, more than Rs 19,000 crores (US$ 4470. 58 million) has been invested in the steel industry of India and there is an increasing trend in its production. See Figure 1) The auto component sector has also posted significant growth of 20 per cent in 2003-04, to achieve a sales turnover of Rs. 30,640 crore (US$ 6. 7 billion)(See Figure 2). Such opportunities in the automobile sector and the Indian economy can help POSCO-IPPC to establish itself firmly. In terms of current market position, POSCO-IPPC brands itself as a leading provider of electric steel in some of the areas in India for not many of the companies have explored the electric steel market. Being a newcomer, it plans to inhabit the automobile steel market, where it still hasn’t managed to set its foot firmly. The company is based upon certain policies and factors which many of the customers are unable to comply with. POSCO is a global player and it supplies and manufactures steel all over the world. It exports steel from South Korea at an international price which is comparatively high in Indian currency so this difference between the prices, leads to a high price charged by the company. Due to the high price, POSCO decided to put a special price (Rs 49000-cold rolled steel) to fit in the market but in exchange for lower supply of steel so this reduces the supply power of POSCO-IPPC. POSCO-IPPC is only a distribution centre and does not manufacture. It is a market-oriented firm and follows the concept of mass customization for it creates the output maintaining to different customers need. It slits and shears steel depending upon the customer’s want. Its main customers are Crompton, LG and Suzlon in the electrics sector and Tata and Bajaj in the automobile sector. It uses batch production to produce an output of 10,000 metric tons per year where 1. 5% of the raw-material is wasted in slitting and shearing. The demand for their steel is a lot higher than their output and their capacity is also higher (35,000 metric tons/year) but the lack of raw-material limits them, due to the special price-low supply factor. Instead of creating more output, their machines are doing job work for other competitors like JINDAL, ESSAR, etc. of 5000 metric tons monthly. Highlighting the difficulty suffered in the case of TATA MOTORS Pvt. Limited Total Requirement of TATA | 30,000 (Demand going up by 7-10% annually) | TATA’s demand from POSCO (for high quality steel)| 5000-7000| POSCO-IPPC’s Supply to TATA| 2000-2500 (Rest to be supplied to other customers. )| POSCO-IPPC’s Cold Rolled Steel Price at the market | Rs. 53-55000| TATA’s pay price to POSCO | Rs. 48000| | | | | (All figures are in metric tons/month) Analysis/Evaluation: The evaluation of different problems which cause hindrances in trade with other companies will be done with the help of certain financial and non-financial techniques. Financial Analysis: I. Capacity Utilization With the purpose of utilizing its capital to the fullest, POSCO-IPPC has two pathways in order to supply more in the steel market and set its foot strongly: a) acquiring more raw-materials from POSCO, Korea. b) Purchasing of raw-material from POSCO manufacturing unit at Orissa, India. Thus, we will analyze the present scenario of capacity utilization in compared with the two options mentioned above. Present Capacity Utilization scenario: The capital utilization is calculated in percentage and the formulae used for it is given below: OutputMaximum capacity? 00 Current Output: 10000 metric tons/ month. Maximum Capacity: 11250 metric tons/ month. Capacity Utilization = 1000011250? 100 = 88. 89% Option a): acquiring more raw-materials from POSCO, Korea: Estimated output: 11250 metric tons/ month Maximum capacity: 11250 metric tons/ month Capacity Utilization = 1125011250? 100 = 100% Option b): Purchasing of raw-material from POSCO manufacturing branch at Orissa in India: Estimated Output: 11250 metric tons/ month Maximum Capacity: 11250 metric tons/ month Capacity Utilization = 1125011250? 100 = 100% II. Decision Tree: Utilizing this approach for both the options and other decisions to be made by the company are evaluated and financially viable decisions are suggested. (Figure 1) (All money values are in Indian Rupees) Key: Decision square Chance node Calculations: (611. 105mn ? 0. 6) + (466. 07mn ? 0. 4) – 500mn = 53. 091mn INR (572. 88 ? 0. 3) + (491. 04 ? 0. 7) – 500mn = 15. 592mn INR Non-financial analysis: India has gone through a considerable change in the production and consumption of Steel in the past 10 years. Driven a booming economy and concomitant demand levels, consumption of steel has grown by 12. 5 per cent during the last three years it has been forecast that the apparent steel use point in India will increase by 11. 8 per cent in 2008. POSCO-IPPC has great opportunities to set their foot firmly in the Automobile sector. The POSCO steel plant is India’s single largest foreign investment project ever. For its part, the Indian government is eager to boost its steel production and attract more foreign investment through such a lucrative partnership. But it also may lead to limiting of foreign ownership and application of protectionism to prevent foreign investment from exceeding its levels. Technology level in POSCO-IPPC is of high standards and helps them with maintaining the quality. The machines brought in are imported but India is a developing county and it has certain problems of electricity which results in regular power-cuts causing hindrances in processing of steel. These load-shedding periods are often covered by the use of generators but these generators prove to be expensive. The steel being imported is affected by any change in the foreign exchange policies and any government/fiscal policies which may affect them. POSCO-IPPC being a new-comer may feel threatened by the presence of multi-national companies as it leads to greater competition and more exploitation of resources. Conclusions and Recommendations: Available management’s perception on the opportunities to establish themselves in the Steel Industry, it does appear that the management should research this further by the help of a market research and research on all of the customer needs. Analysing the written report on the basis of the data supplied, it appears that POSCO-IPPC’s only hindrance is its limitation of supply which if solved will solve many of their other problems. Using Capacity Utilisation and Decision tree, it was understood that if maximum capacity utilisation takes place, it will reduce the price; increase the output; increasing the output will lead to long term relationships with the customers; it will involve maximum utilisation of resources. Maximum capacity utilisation is only possible with the increase in output which can be only done by increase in the supply of steel. There had been two options discussed with the help of decision tree to look for the best and cheapest way to increase the supply by deciding upon the source. The analysis showed that purchasing from POSCO, Korea at the special price is more profitable (53. 091mn INR) but this is only possible if POSCO, Korea agrees to supply them at the special price. The second possible option was from purchasing steel from the other branch of POSCO at Orissa, India but this would prove less profitable (15. 592mn INR) as they would sell it at the selling price in order to save their profits. Other factors which tend to support POSCO-IPPC to set its foot in the Automobile sector include in the non-financial analysis: growing Indian economy and its Steel Industry; Government support; Great Quality Steel; modern technology used with strict disciplinary issues which makes them a good supplier. Recommendations: As such, my recommendations would be: * Undertake further research in terms of specific of customer requirements and problems, by performing a market research and research on the clients, as many of my findings are generic to the company’s knowledge. More accurately determine the precise nature of the costs and profits upon purchasing steel from the sources analyzed in the written report. * Embark upon extensive research as to search other ways to increase the output and also request POSCO, Korea to supply more at the special price. However, my analysis is limited; it does not cover all the aspects of this topic due to the restraints of the data supplied. The re search was not more extensive because the unit was far away and many meetings were not possible with the officials as this would interrupt in their work . With only two personnel interviewed, a wider perspective from other departments must also be obtained . The report is a reference material, the research can be more extensive and proper results can be achieved if access to more data was possible. The Report is still in progress; there are many issues which need to be solved which can be done with the help of the recommendations and more access. Bibliography Books: AS Level and A level Business Studies, Peter Simpson, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, Websites: http://www. stratfor. com/analysis/india_poscos_steel_investment_challenge Steel, India Brand Equity Fund, http://www. bef. org/industry/steel. aspx India Steel Industry, Economy Watch, http://www. economywatch. com/india-steel-industry/ India Automobile Industry, Economy Watch, http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html Corporate overview, POSCO-INDIA, http://posco-india. com/website/company/corporate-overview. htm APPENDIX: * Appen dix 1: Interview Transcript with Mr. Bharat Indu BhattaCharya * Appendix 1: Interview Transcript with Mr. Joseph Joe * Appendix 3: SWOT Analysis * Appendix 4: PEST Analysis * Appendix 5: Graphs * Appendix 6: Mail from Mr. Joseph Joe Appendix 1: Interview Transcript with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhatta Charya, Electric Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) Good Afternoon, Could you please enlighten us about your company? * Good Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC stands for POSCO – India Pune Processing Unit. We are situated in the Talegaon Horticulture and Industrial Park in the dist. Of Pune. POSCO-IPPC is a coil centre as known by its parent company POSCO, which is a steel manufacturer giant in South Korea. It is the fourth largest producer of steel in the world and its distributors and manufacturing units are spread all over the world. From the start of this company to the present date, POSCO has led to massive advancements in the socio-economic status of South Korea. Coming back to POSCO’s investment in India, this is POSCO’s third investment, the other two being in Delhi and Orissa. Although POSCO is POSCO-IPPC’s main investor but it is an independent company which is locally managed. POSCO entering in a new market planned to establish this processing unit as a joint venture with LG International, where POSCO has 65% of shares and LG international owns the rest 35%. A total 15 million $ was invested in this project and it commercial processing started in 2006. 2) Can you emphasize more on your commercial processing and the working of this unit? * POSCO-IPPC processes the raw material which comes from POSCO, South Korea and distributes it to the customers. By processing, we mean the steel which comes from POSCO is slatted and sheared according to the customers need. We receive our steel in the form of coils, this is one reason for our being known as coil centre, then the coil is put in a machine which slits and shears it based on the dimensions set. This is then packed and sent to the respective customers. Our major customers are Crompton, LG, Suzlon, TATA and Bajaj. Our company produces output for electric steel as well as automobile steel. Although in the electric steel market, we hold a monopoly but in automobile, we are yet to expand our approach. These are the different types of steel we produce: Electric Steel * CRGNO- Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Steel * CRNO- Cold Rolled Non-Grained Steel Automobile Steel * HR ; PO- Hot Rolled and Pickled ; Oiled Steel Cold Rolled Steel * Stainless Steel White Goods * Electro-Galvanised Steel We have 120 people as staff, out of which 60 are on payroll and 60 are on contract. We follow the batch production for our processing unit. Our output is 10,000 metric tons / month with an annual turnover of 320 Crores as of last year. The raw material which comes to us, we add a value addition of 10% and sell it in the market. Our capacity to produce is 135,000 metric tons per annum where as its outp ut is low because of the lack of raw material so the capacity utilization is not up to the mark. So to involve our other machinery, we do job work for other companies of 5000 metric tons. 3) Can you please tell me about the managers of this company? * The managers at all the leading posts in the company are all from South Korea and they have been assigned by POSCO for a fixed period of years for a perfect start in the Indian Steel market. These are very experienced and are strict followers of discipline and quality. The work at POSCO-IPPC is efficient and advancing due to these managers. These are: * Gil Ho Bang – Managing Director Jongyeol Her – General Manager * Jung Chule Kim – General Manager * Woon Tae Jung – General Manager 4) Can you please tell us about the difficulties you are facing as a new company in the Indian Steel market? * We have a monopoly many in the market for Electric steel so we don’t have any problems in that sector but in the automobile sector, our competitors are well established and they have a far greater market share than POSCO-IPPC in the market so it creates pressure on us to create our product better than theirs to stay in the market. Our competitors: TATA STEEL, JINDAL, ESSAR, ISPAT and other Chinese and Russian companies. The two main difficulties which our company is facing are: * There has been a Star Rating which the Indian Government has started on the electric appliances. This effect of BAE Star Rating on the consumption of Electric Steel. * The Automobile sector in India is booming and has a lot of scope so POSCO-IPPC is trying to increase its footprint in the Automobile steel segment. There is a lot of demand for POSCO’s quality steel in the Automobile sector. 5) What is your SWOT? SWOT Strength * Any downfalls can be supported by POSCO-Distribution of quality steel – Inherits a quality name in the market from POSCO- Maintains strict disciplinary levels- Market leader in Electric Steel- Demand for its quality steel in the Automobile sector-Machinery is very advanced and the labour employed are few but skilled. Weaknesses * Not enough raw materials-Is not yet able to firm its stand in the Ste el market-The high price of their product due to the currency of Korea being more powerful – Language/ Cultural gap between India and Korea. Opportunities To increase its output and meet the high demand – Lack of high quality steel in the Automobile market gives them a big opportunity – India encouraging foreign investments- Increasing International trade between the countries- Rate of high economic and the country's economy gradually increasing- Special Reduced Price for the steel. Threats * Price of the raw material is highly dependent on the foreign exchange – POSCO holding a small share in the market is comparatively smaller than its multi-national counterparts -Low output due to lack of raw materials which may result in the loss of customers and a long term relationship. Appendix 2: Interview Transcript with Mr. Joseph Joe, Automobile Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) Good Afternoon, What can you tell me about POSCO-IPPC in relevance to the Automobile market? Good Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC is a subsidiary of POSCO which as you know is a global producer and distributor of high quality steel. So as its parent company, POSCO-IPPC is also known for its high quality in the Indian Steel market. Automobile Company requires high quality steel for the chassis parts of the automobile, usually such parts are imported or substitute quality steel is bought so due to the lack of high quality steel producers in India, there is a lot of demand for the emerging POSCO-IPPC’s Steel. Though POSCO-IPPC has so many opportunities to set itself firmly in the market, it has many hindrances preventing it from doing so. 2) Can you pleases talk about the hindrances in little more detail? * There are many factors which sum up to conclude as a hindrance for POSCO-IPPC. The major ones are: * High cost of POSCO-IPPC’s Steel leads to a discouragement to the Indian customers. * POSCO-IPPC is looking for big customers so they are able to establish themselves by directly targeting at the higher end. * POSCO-IPPC is strict in its payment dates which are not favoured by all its customers for they need a margin to settle their accounts. * Although the main problem is the lack of raw material from POSCO. Due to the Special price-low supply condition between POSCO and POSCO-IPPC, there is low supply of raw materials. The demand is high for POSCO-IPPC’s steel but due to low output, it cannot adhere to every customer’s needs. POSCO-IPPC is capable to produce more output than its current production but due to the lack of raw material, it has to restrain itself and do job production. * POSCO-IPPC’s customers expect a same price and supply surety for three months which is not possible for POSCO-IPPC as it imports its raw material and it is subject to foreign exchange policies and other government policies which affects its price. The supply surety cannot be given due to lack of supply of raw material. * Also the defaulting of POSCO-IPPC’s price and bargaining to pay less price by the customers is discouraging POSCO-IPPC to expand itself so quickly as they are losing on their profits. * But overall, the lack of raw material is a big issue and solving that issue can solve many other problems related and in the course of time, brisk movements of trade will solve other problems too. 3) What can you tell about the special price-low supply condition? POSCO is a global player and it distributes its steel at a common international price (Rs 59000) to the world but as that rate is very high in terms of Indian currency, it would not settle down in the Indian market so in order to satisfy its Indian customers, it reduced the price and this is known as special price (Rs 45000). But as POSCO reduced the rate for POSCO-IPPC, it only did this for a condition and this condition was that POSCO-IPPC will receive only a limited supply from POSCO, Korea. ) Since TATA is one of your major customers in the automobile segment, can you please put light on the company’s relationship with TATA? * Sure, TATA Motors is a major customer of ours and there is a considerable amount of dealings with TATA. Tata itself produces steel but is partly dependent on POSCO-IPPC for high quality steel for the chassis of their automobiles. They need good quality for the outer body of the car for it to be firm and more attractive for which they take the support of POSCO-IPPC. Tata requires 30,000 metric tons/month and the demand is going up by 7-10% / year. Tata demands 5000-7000 metric tons/month from POSCO-IPPC but it can only supply 2000-2500 metric tons/month to TATA for out of its total output, it also needs to supply to other customers in order to remain in the market and also to stabilize it. The customers in the market are also asking for POSCO-IPPC’s steel like General Motors, Volkswagen and Fiat. For which TATA has supported POSCO-IPPC in sending a petition to POSCO to supply more steel. POSCO-IPPC distributes cold rolled steel in the open market at Rs 53-55000; the price keeps on fluctuating, whereas TATA gets it at Rs 48,000 (maximum. ) Thus, such factors are creating hindrances in transaction between TATA and POSCO-IPPC. 5) What is your PEST? * PEST POLITICAL & LEGAL * Central Government encourages the foreign investment- Change in the central Government may result in change in different trade policies – Indian Economy has shown relatively high levels of development, stability and potential growth. -Korea having a high level of percentage of investment in the Indian market Economical * Indian Economy is booming-Growth in its GDP and economic growth-Fluctuations in the exchange rates -Social ties and contacts between India and China is increasing-Expansion of a basic industry is always favoured- Company also gives importance to maximum exploitation of resources. Social * Opened a school for the children of its workers- Helped to develop the village Talegaon -Increase in the capacity of the unit, there will be more employment in the area-Adapt the Indian Culture-It believes in job satisfaction and motivation of its staff Technical * POSCO-IPPC uses advance technology to process its raw material-High dependency on technology-India is a developing country where there is a great problem with electricity so load shedding takes place-Alternative method to use generators during the time of load shedding proves expensive-Supply of diesel in such large quality proves to be a negative factor. Appendix 3: POSCO-IPPC SWOT Analysis Appendix 5 – Graphs Figure 1: Figure 2: Appendix 6: Mail from Joseph Joe This was a mail from Mr. Joseph Joe giving out some information. Investment: 500 mn INR | | | | | | | | | | | | | Probability | | Difference| | Source Company | | Cost Price/ metric ton | | Selling Price/ metric ton| | Quantity Purchased and sold| | Total Revenue| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0. 6| | Special Price| POSCO, Korea| | Rs 45000| | Rs 55000| | 11111| | 611. 105 mn INR| 0. 4| | No Special Price| POSCO, Korea| | Rs 59000| | Rs 55000| | 8474| | 466. 07 mn INR| 0. 3| | Wihtout O. H. E| POSCO, Orissa| | Rs 48,000| | Rs 55000| | 10416| | 572. 88 mn INR| 0. | | With O. H. E| | POSCO, Orissa| | Rs 56000| | Rs 55000| | 8928| | 491. 04 mn INR| ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 – Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya [ 3 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 – Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya [ 4 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 – Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya [ 5 ]. POSCO-INDIA, â€Å"corporate overviewâ⠂¬ , http://posco-india. com/website/company/corporate-overview. htm. (20th September, 2008. ) [ 6 ]. Refer to Appendix 5- Graphs [ 7 ]. Economy Watch, â€Å"India Steel Industry,† http://www. conomywatch. com/india-steel-industry/, (20th September, 2008. ) [ 8 ]. Economy Watch, â€Å"India Automobile Industry,† http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html, (23rd September, 2008. ) [ 9 ]. Refer to Appendix 5- Graphs [ 10 ]. Refer to Appendix 2 – Interview with Mr. Joseph Joe [ 11 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 – Interview with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya [ 12 ]. Refer to Appendix 2 – Interview with Mr. Joseph Joe [ 13 ]. Refer to Appendix 1 – Interview with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya [ 14 ]. Refer to Appendix 6 – Mail received from Mr. Joseph Joe [ 15 ]. India Brand Equity Fund, â€Å"Steel,† http://www. ibef. org/industry/steel. aspx (3rd August, 2008. ) [ 16 ]. SWOT Analysis [ 17 ]. PEST Analysis [ 18 ]. http://www. stratfor. com/analysis/india_poscos_steel_investment_challenge [ 19 ]. PEST Analysis [ 20 ]. SWOT Analysis [ 21 ]. PEST Analysis [ 22 ]. SWOT Analysis [ 23 ]. PEST Analysis [ 24 ]. http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/steel-industry. html [ 25 ]. http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html